Concerns about excessive mobile phone use among youth are mounting. We present estimates of behavioral and contextual peer effects, along with comprehensive evidence on how students’ own and their peers’ app usage affect academic performance, physical health, and labor market outcomes. Our analysis draws on administrative data from a Chinese university covering three student cohorts over four years. We exploit random roommate assignments, differential exposure to a policy shock (gaming restrictions for minors), and differential exposure to a discrete event (the introduction of a blockbuster video game) for identification. App usage is contagious: a one s.d. increase in roommates’ in-college app usage raises own usage by 5.8%. High app usage is harmful across all measured outcomes. A one s.d. increase in app usage reduces GPAs by 36.2% of a within-cohort-major s.d. and lowers wages by 2.3%. Roommates’ app usage reduces a student’s GPA and wages through both disruptions and behavioral spillovers, generating a total negative effect that exceeds half the magnitude of the impact from the student’s own app usage. Extending China’s three-hour-per-week gaming restriction for minors to college students would boost their initial wages by 0.9%. High-frequency GPS and app usage data show that heavy app users spend less time in study halls, are more frequently late or absent from class, and get less sleep.

The third challenge stems from the well-known difficulties in identifying peer effects in empirical settings, including the endogeneity of peer group formation and the “reflection problem” first articulated by Manski (1993)—an individual’s behavior both affects and is affected by their peers, making it difficult to establish causality. Disentangling the two classical types of peer effects, behavioral (endogenous) and contextual (exogenous) peer effects, is even more challenging (Manski 1993; Bramoullé, Djebbari, and Fortin 2020). In our context, the behavioral peer effects refer to how roommates’ action of app playing influences a student’s own app usage. Contextual peer effects, by contrast, capture how peers’ predetermined characteristics influence a student’s outcomes independent of their actual behaviors. In our setting, the key regressor capturing contextual peer effects is roommates’ precollege game usage, which may reflect traits such as motivation, attitudes toward academics, or established study habits.

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LG 70” 4K UHD webOS Smart TV

LG 70” 4K UHD webOS Smart TV

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Everything you need to bring your favorite content to life with the power of 4K and the extras you crave. Experience a lifelike picture with more depth and rich colors thanks to our advanced α7 Gen5 AI Processor 4K that adjusts picture and sound qualities to give you a fabulous experience no matter what you’re watching, plus it will automatically transform your regular content into 4K for sharper definition and detail, even on our biggest screens*. Customize your viewing experience with separate accounts and personalized recommendations for every member of your family with webOS 22. And enjoy binge-worthy streaming with built-in access to Netflix, the Apple TV app, Disney+, HBO Max** and to over 300+ free LG Channels with everything from comedy to movies to sports. For gamers, you can make it the best gaming experience by quickly adjusting all your game settings in one location with the LG Game Optimizer and Dashboard. And when watching the big game enjoy a 60Hz refresh rate that can keep up with the action on the court, field or ice for a sharp, colorful picture from start to finish. Bring your content to life with LG UHD. See a vivid picture every time with LG UHD’s 4K resolution. *Image quality of upscaled content will vary based on the source resolution. **Internet connection and subscriptions to streaming services are required. HBO Max™ ©2022 Warner Media, LLC. All Rights Reserved. HBO Max is used under license. ***Number of LG Channels subject to change.

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